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武漢新東方夏令營(yíng)介紹在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作的要點(diǎn)。

����武漢新東方夏令營(yíng)介紹，說(shuō)明文是闡述事物的特征,本質(zhì),性能,結(jié)構(gòu),用途或科學(xué)原理的一種文體.其說(shuō)明的對(duì)象可以是具體的,如:自然環(huán)境,儀表設(shè)備等;也可以是抽象的,如概念定律等.
����說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作相對(duì)于論說(shuō)文來(lái)說(shuō),有一定的套路可循,因此不是十分復(fù)雜.說(shuō)明科技方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法,比較對(duì)比法,分類(lèi)法,因果法等;說(shuō)明自然環(huán)境方面的內(nèi)容常用時(shí)間次序法,分類(lèi)法等.當(dāng)然,隨著對(duì)象的不同,具體應(yīng)該采用的方法也會(huì)有所不同.
����說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作應(yīng)該注意的事項(xiàng)有下面幾點(diǎn):
����1.語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明扼要,通俗易懂,避免夸張華麗的辭藻,要把真實(shí)的一面展現(xiàn)在讀者面前.
����2.說(shuō)明時(shí)一定要把握一個(gè)中心主題.說(shuō)明文中細(xì)枝末節(jié)較多,但不能喧賓奪主.
����3.說(shuō)明的次序非常重要.合理的次序會(huì)使文章條理清楚,脈絡(luò)明晰.因此,練習(xí)時(shí)可以嘗試不同的次序進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作,找出最合理的一種.
����4.由于說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)實(shí)性較強(qiáng),有時(shí)難免會(huì)讓人感到?jīng)]有生氣.因此,可以適當(dāng)使用一些比喻,擬人等修辭手段,來(lái)增加文章的色彩.
����下面是一篇說(shuō)明一所醫(yī)院布局的文章.文章雖短,但需要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容卻達(dá)11處之多.平均一句話(huà)就要描寫(xiě)一處,如果組織得不好,便會(huì)給人凌亂的感覺(jué).
���鸀榱吮苊膺@一點(diǎn),文章把整個(gè)布局圖分三部分來(lái)寫(xiě):
����貫徹醫(yī)院的是main road
����第一部分以大門(mén)為參照物,介紹了靠大門(mén)且通過(guò)main road東西相對(duì)的急診樓和門(mén)診樓.
����第二部分以湖為參照物,中心線(xiàn)還是main road,介紹其他分診樓,實(shí)驗(yàn)室,放射室等.
����第三部分寫(xiě)main road盡頭的建筑物.
����這樣,繁多的細(xì)節(jié)顯得井井有條.因此,選擇好主線(xiàn)及參照物是決定文章成功的關(guān)鍵.
���鷇irections:for this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about"the layout of a hospital".locate some important departments in the hospital based on the information given below.your composition should be no less than 120 words.
����(1)the emergency department
����(2)the out-patient department
����(3)the surgery department
����(4)the dispensary
����(5)the physician department
����(6)the eye,ear,and throat department
����(7)the dental department
����(8)the laboratory
����(9)the x-ray department
����(10)the administrative building
����(11)the ward
��
sample:
�� the layout of a hospital
���鷑ear the gate,on the westside of the road is the emergency department. opposite the emergency department across the main road is the out-patient department.
the building to the southwest of the lake is the dispensary,which face the surgery department lying on the other side of the road.along the west wall,from south to north,stand three buildings:the physician department, the eye,ear,and throat department,and the dental department. the laboratory is to the northwest of the round about,and beside the laboratory,the x-ray department is located on the same side of the road.
a winding road by the lake leads to the ward.near the end of the main road,the administrative building is situated on the east side.the hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.