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武漢新東方夏令營為你介紹在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的常用語法—定語從句。

武漢新東方夏令營提示，定語從句是整個(gè)高中階段語法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),是高考測試的熱點(diǎn),尤其非限制性定語從句更是命題的重中之重。研究近幾年的高考試題,其考查形式仍以單項(xiàng)填空、短文改錯(cuò)為主,完形填空、閱讀理解中的長句理解為輔。為幫助學(xué)生突破定語從句,本文將針對(duì)高考考點(diǎn)一一進(jìn)行分析。
　　 考點(diǎn)一:關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇和運(yùn)用。
　　 1) do you still remember the days_____
　　we spent the summer holidays in qingdao?
　　 do you still remember the days _______
　　we spent in qingdao?
　　 2) is this the factory _________ your father worked last year?
　　 is this the factory _________your father visited last year?
　　 3)do you know the reason _________ he was late ?
　　 do you know the reason _________ he explained for being late ?
　　 答案與解析:
　　 1) when。which / that / 不填。第一句話中先行詞the day 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,第二句話中先行詞the day 在從句中作spent 的賓語。
　　 2) where。which / that / 不填。第一句話中work為不及物動(dòng)詞,先行詞the factory 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,第二句話中先行詞the factory 在從句中作visited的賓語。
　　 3) why。which / that / 不填。第一句話中定語從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)且成份完整,先行詞the reason 在從句中作原因狀語,第二句話中先行詞the reason在從句中作explained 的賓語。
　　 歸納與點(diǎn)撥:
　　 通過對(duì)比練習(xí),我們可以總結(jié)選擇關(guān)系詞的步驟:
　　 1. 找準(zhǔn)先行詞。
　　 2. 分析從句成份,看是否缺主語、賓語或狀語等,從而確定選擇關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。缺定語用whose。
　　 鞏固練習(xí):
　　 4)yesterday she sold her car, _______ she bought a month ago. (08浙江)
　　 a. whenb. wherec. that d. which
　　 5) a person _________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (09 天津)
　　 a. whob. whomc. whose d. whoever
　　 6) all the neighbors admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. (08安徽)
　　 a. whyb. wherec. which d. that
　　 7) —what do you think of teaching, bob?
　　 — i find it fun and challenging. it is a job _________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (09 北京)
　　 a. whereb. which c. when d. that
　　 8)it’s helpful to put children in a situation _________ they can see themselves differently. (09福建)
　　 a. thatb. when c. which d. where
　　 9) later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(08江西)
　　 a. whereb. whenc. whod. which
　　 10) because of the financial crisis, days are gone_________local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江蘇)
　　 a. if b. when c. whichd. since
　　 答案與解析:
　　 4) d 。 非限制性定語從句用which。
　　 5) c。 先行詞在從句中作定語用whose。
　　 6)-9)bada 。先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。第9題中先行詞為cases,這是一個(gè)分隔式的定語從句。
　　 10) b。先行詞為days,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,此句也是分隔式的定語從句。

 考點(diǎn)二:介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞的準(zhǔn)確選擇和運(yùn)用。
　　 11) he is the man ________i can turn for help.
　　 he is the man________i can depend.
　　 he is the man________i talked just now.
　　 12) that’s the year ________ he joined the club.
　　 that’s the day ________ he joined the club.
　　 13) they live in a house, the door of which opens to the south. (句型轉(zhuǎn)換)
　　 they live in a house, _________opens to the south.
　　 they live in a house, _________opens to the south.
　　 14) there are 60 students in the classroom, most of whom have been to beijing. (句型轉(zhuǎn)換)
　　 there are 60 students in the classroom, _________have been to beijing.
　　 there are 60 students in the classroom. _________have been to beijing.
　　 答案與解析:
　　 11) to whom; on whom; with / to / about whom; turn to sb. for help轉(zhuǎn)向某人尋求幫助 depend on sb. 依靠某人,信賴某人 talk with sb. 跟某人談話 talk to sb. 向某人講話talk about sb. 談?wù)撃橙恕?
 12) in which; on which; in the year在那一年on the day 在那一天。
　　 13) of which the door; whose door此句中of表示所屬關(guān)系,可以和whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。
　　 14) of whom most; most of whom。此句中介詞of表示整體中的部份,句型轉(zhuǎn)換第二句中要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
　　 歸納與點(diǎn)撥:
　　 1. 先行詞為人,介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用whom,先行詞為物,介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which。
　　 2. 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配選擇介詞,或根據(jù)先行詞的搭配選擇介詞。
　　 3. 介詞of可表示所屬關(guān)系,和whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換, the + n. of which / whom = whose + n.介詞of也可表示整體中的部份,通常結(jié)構(gòu)為代詞 / 數(shù)詞 + of whom / which。
　　 4.做題時(shí)要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是句點(diǎn)還是逗點(diǎn),判斷是否為定語從句。
　　 鞏固練習(xí):
　　 15) she brought with her three friends, none of _________i had ever met before. (09全國)
　　 a. them b. who c. whom d. these 16) gun control is a subject_________ americans have argued for a long time. (09陜西)
　　 a. of whichb. with which
　　 c. about whichd. into which
　　 17) the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _________ are beyond our control. (08湖南)
　　 a. most of them b. most of which
　　 c. most of whatd. most of that
　　 18) for many cities in the world, there’s no room to spread out further,_________new york is an example. (08四川)
　　 a. for which b. in which
　　 c. of whichd. from which
　　 考點(diǎn)三:定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句、其它從句或結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分辨別,這樣既考查句式結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析能力,又考查關(guān)系詞與其它連接詞的區(qū)分運(yùn)用能力。
　　 19) it was along the mississippi river _________mark twain spent much of his childhood.(08天津)
　　a. howb. which c. thatd. where
　　 20) — where did you get to know her?
　　 — it was on the farm _________we worked. (07山東)
　　 a. that b. there c. which d. where
　　 21) the fact has worried many scientists_________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (09江西)
　　 a. what b. which c. that d. though
　　 22) animals suffered at the hands of man _________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. (08江西)
　　 a. in whichb. for which
　　 c. so that d. in that
　　 23) it is thought that one billion people in the world, _________ is half the world’s workers, earn their living by farming.
　　 a. if b. thatc. whichd. what
　　 24) the largest collection ever found in england was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, ________ over 600 years old.
　　 a. all of themb. all of which
　　 c. all of itd. none of which
　　 點(diǎn) 撥:
　　 1. 判斷是否為定語從句,關(guān)鍵是理解句意,分析兩句話的關(guān)系。
　　 2. 要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu),是完整句子還是獨(dú)立主格。
　　 考點(diǎn)四:錯(cuò)題警示
　　 25) those who has finished the work may go home. _________
　　 anyone who break the law will be punished. _________
　　 he is one of the teachers who knows french in our school._________
　　 he is the only one of the teachers who know french in our school. _________
　　 26) children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth._________
　　is this the book you bought it yesterday?
　　_________
　　 點(diǎn) 撥:
　　 1. 關(guān)系代詞作主語,定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞來確定。
　　 2. 要保證從句成分的完整,又要避免從句成分的重復(fù),關(guān)系詞所指代的先行詞不能在從句中再次出現(xiàn)。
　　 答案與解析:
　　 15) c。of 表示整體中的部分。
　　 16) c。argue about sth.
　　 17) b。
　　 18) c 。of 表示整體中的部分。
　　 19) c 。此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,省去it was …that成分仍完整。
　　 20)d 。此句意思是:在我們工作過的農(nóng)場我認(rèn)識(shí)她的。后面省略了that i got to know her。如果填that, 句意則為:我們?cè)谀羌肄r(nóng)場工作,答非所問。
　　 21) c。同位語從句,解釋the fact的內(nèi)容。
　　 22) d。 前后兩句話是因果關(guān)系,in that意思為for the reason that, because。
　　 23) b。 that is意思為“即,也就是”,用于解釋,補(bǔ)充說明十億人也就是世界勞動(dòng)人口的一半。
　　 24) a。此句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),如果原句over前有謂語were則可以選擇b。
　　 25) has — havebreak — breaksknows — knowknow — knows
　　 26) eat前加who或?qū)�eat改為eating;去掉it。