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環(huán)球雅思夏令營介紹在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)該知道的形容詞的比較級介紹。
環(huán)球雅思夏令營介紹,英文中形容詞在進(jìn)行比較時(shí)需變?yōu)楸容^級,主要有兩種形式:
在詞尾加-er (單音節(jié)形容詞),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;
或在詞前加more (多音節(jié)形容詞),如:more useful, more complex等
少數(shù)詞比較級形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更遠(yuǎn)的)/further(更進(jìn)一步的),
考點(diǎn)一 含有標(biāo)志詞than
1.最常見的比較級句式是由連詞than引導(dǎo)比較的對象,
如:it takes less time to go there by air than by train.
she possesses more books than i do.
he is more intelligent than i expected.
than可視為比較級的標(biāo)志詞,在填空題中,
空后含有than的, 通?崭裉幮枰畋容^級,
空格前含有比較級的,通常空格處需要填than引導(dǎo)的從句。
例題:
maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental united states.
(a) coolest
(b) the coolest
(c) cooler
(d) the cooler
答案:a
解釋:標(biāo)志詞than意味著應(yīng)用比較級,a, b可先排除;d多the; 只有a正確
2.為避免重復(fù),than之后的從句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出來:
情況1: 用指示代詞that, those來代替省略的部分,
如:the population of china is much larger than that of great britain.
(that 指代the population)
his designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.
(those 指代 designs)
情況2: 在省略的過程中,若than之后從句的謂語部分相同, 比較的是主語部分, 那么謂語部分通常用助動(dòng)詞do來代替, 并且習(xí)慣上將從句主語和助動(dòng)詞倒裝 (do + 主語)
如:the actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may
probably contribute more to the success of a play.
例題:
mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.
(a) than do
(b) that are having
(c) which have
(d) that do
答案:a
解釋:空格前出現(xiàn)了形容詞比較級,空格后是比較對象,應(yīng)由than連接,選項(xiàng)中只有a符合條件,其中由助動(dòng)詞do引起了一個(gè)小倒裝
考點(diǎn)二 (not) so /as…as
比較級特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一樣、不如……”等意思,其結(jié)構(gòu)和than句式相仿,但as…as之間的形容詞必須用原形,而且as…as必須搭配使用,
如:it is as good as it looks.
the boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described.
填空題中常給出句子的一部分(第一個(gè)as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二個(gè)as),一定要形成對這種搭配句式的敏感。
例題:
(1)
the best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----.
(a) possibly little nourishment
(b) nourishment possibly little
(c) little as possible nourishment
(d) little nourishment as possible
答案:d
解釋:空格處需要?jiǎng)釉~have的賓語,同時(shí)包含as…as句式,a、b都缺少與as搭配的結(jié)構(gòu),c語序有誤,均可排除。d中as…as possible, 為固定用法, 意為“盡可能”.
(2)
there is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 b.c.
(a) so early
(b) the earliest
(c) as early as
(d) so early that
答案:c
解釋:依句意空格處需要“早在”這一意思的正確表達(dá),只有c符合題意,用的是比較級特殊句式as...as
考點(diǎn)三 the same…as
此句式也常用來表示“和……一樣”,the same和as既可連用,也可分開使用,
如:she looks just the same as before.
i got the same feeling as you did.
改錯(cuò)題中常將此句式誤用為the same…like /than, 要練就一雙火眼金睛將其識別出來
考點(diǎn)四 the more…,the more…
此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此處泛指比較級,此句式的特點(diǎn)是前后兩句以逗號隔開,句子結(jié)構(gòu)平行,而且謂語動(dòng)詞一致時(shí),為避免重復(fù)常進(jìn)行省略,
如:the more she slept, the less comfortable she felt.
the greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot.
填空題中常需填入兩個(gè)分句之一,因此看到the more結(jié)構(gòu),要注意選與其結(jié)構(gòu)相近的另一半the more句式
例題:
(1)
the greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(a) the greater the need there is
(b) greater need
(c) is there great need
(d) the great need
答案:a
解釋:這是典型的 “the more…,
the more…” 句式, 意為 “越…, 越…” 其逗號前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒裝, a 完全符合要求. c d 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二個(gè)比較級; b 少定冠詞the. 此句亦可改寫為: if there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(2)
the less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body.
(a) the stress it is greater
(b) greater is the stress
(c) greater stress is
(d) the greater the stress
答案:d
解釋:此句涉及比較級的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后結(jié)構(gòu)平行,當(dāng)謂語一致時(shí),后面的可省略,符合要求的只有d
考點(diǎn)五 no longer /not…any longer
no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”,
如:he no longer smokes. / he doesn't smoke any longer.
注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,這一句式在改錯(cuò)題中出現(xiàn)。
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