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廣州新東方酷學(xué)酷玩夏令營(yíng)　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　1.定義：動(dòng)詞除在句子中作謂語(yǔ)以外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，這就是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞�？煞譃槿�種：動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞。

　　2.動(dòng)詞不定式：to + 動(dòng)詞原形(在某些情況下可以不帶to )。(沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化)

　　○1 一般式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to do , 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to be + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生)

　　○2 進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to be doing , 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：無 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　○3 完成式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to have been +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生)

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主語(yǔ)：to learn a foreign language is not easy . = it's not easy to learn a foreign language .

　　b. 作表語(yǔ)：the most important thing is to finish the work on time .

　　c. 作賓語(yǔ)：

　　a. 動(dòng)詞+to do . he decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

　　b. 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+to do i don't know where to put the bike .

　　c. 動(dòng)詞+形式賓語(yǔ)(it)+賓補(bǔ)+to do i find it important to learn a second foreign language .

　　d. 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：

　　a. 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+to do tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

　　b. 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的動(dòng)詞 he often saw tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

　　e. 作狀語(yǔ)：

　　a. 表示目的：he went to guangzhou to see his sons . he got up early in order to catch the first bus .

　　b. 表示結(jié)果：he is too tired to walk any farther . they aren't old enough to go to school .

　　c. 表示原因：he is sorry to hear that . i am glad to see you .

　　f.作定語(yǔ)： i have something to tell you . i want to buy something to eat .