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上海新東方夏令營，使用定語從句時注意的幾個問

1、that與which的區(qū)別。

1)用that而不用 which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時。

e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。

this is the best film that i have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。

mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。

2)用which而不用 that的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句;②代表整個主句的意思;③介詞 + 關系代詞。

e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

this is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。

3)as引導定語從句時的用法

①as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。

e.g. i want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。

②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。

e.g. as i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

3)as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別

①當主句和從句語義一致時，用as;反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句。

e.g. he made a long speech, as we expected.

he made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。

e.g. tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

2. 關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)應由先行詞決定。

e.g. the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。

the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。